Fistula In Ano (Anal Fistula)
Anal Fistula is a common anorectal condition which affects many people, as many as 50% of people with an abscess get a fistula. It causes discomfort and pain, leading to severe complications if left untreated. Fortunately, several exact and effective treatment options are available at Zymus Hospital, Bangalore, including surgery to remove the fistula and alleviate its symptoms.
What Is Anal Fistula?
An anal fistula is a medical condition where a small connection forms between the end of the bowel and the skin which is present around the anus. This connection is mostly the result of any infection that starts in an anal gland and can develop into an abscess. When this abscess ruptures, it creates a way from the anal gland to the skin.
The symptoms of Anal Fistula include:
- Pain
- Swelling
- Discharge from the opening around the anus.
In severe cases, there may be recurrent infections, which can cause fever and other symptoms.
Types Of Surgery Performed For Anal Fistula at Zymus Hospital, Bangalore
Various types of surgeries can be performed to treat the anal fistula depending on the location, complexity, and severity. Some of the standard surgical procedures are:
- Fistulotomy: The most common surgical procedure to remove the anal fistula. During this procedure, the surgeon makes a small incision near the fistula and opens the connection to allow it to heal from the inside out. This procedure is generally performed under general anaesthesia, and the patient must stay in the hospital for a few days before and after the procedure.
- Seton Placement: A seton is a thin piece inserted into the channel and left there for several weeks to months to allow the tissue to heal. In some cases where the fistula is more severe, a seton may gradually stretch and widen the channel and further heals it.
- LIFT procedure: The LIFT procedure (Ligation of the Intersphincteric Fistula Tract) is a minimally invasive technique utilized for the treatment of intricate fistulas located deep within tissue. In this procedure, a small incision is made by the surgeon, and the tissue surrounding the fistula is excised to establish a clear pathway for healing.
- Fistula Plug Surgery: In a fistula plug procedure, a small biodegradable plug is implanted into the channel to aid in the healing process. This method is commonly employed for cases where the fistula is relatively uncomplicated, and the adjacent tissue remains healthy.
Benefits of Anal Fistula Surgery
Anal fistula surgery has several advantages for treating anorectal fistulas, including:
Improved bowel function
For some patients, an anal fistula can develop into bowel incontinence, which can be socially and emotionally distressing. Surgery improves bowel function and lowers the risk of incontinence.
Improved mental health:
Dealing with anal fistula can be emotionally draining, significantly if it interferes with daily routine. With the help of surgery, patients can experience an overall improvement in mental health and quality of life.
Reduced pain and discomfort:
Anal fistula can cause severe pain, discomfort, and other symptoms like drainage or abscesses. Surgery can lower these symptoms and improve the patient’s quality of life.
Treatment Procedure for Anal Fistula at Zymus Hospital, Bangalore
When dealing with an anal fistula, the treatment usually involves a surgical procedure aimed at removing the infected tissue and establishing a clear pathway for healing. Our experienced surgeons at Zymus Hospital employ various surgical techniques tailored to each individual case’s needs and the severity of the fistula.
Before the Procedure
Before surgery, the surgeon will provide instructions on preparing for the procedure, including any necessary dietary restrictions. Patients may also receive antibiotics to reduce the risk of post-surgery infections.
During the Procedure
The surgery is performed under anesthesia to ensure the patient’s comfort and alleviate pain. The surgeon then makes an incision to access the fistula, removing any infected tissue and creating a clean channel for healing. Depending on the specific case, different techniques may be used, such as fistulotomy or fistula plug insertion.
After the Procedure
After the surgery, patients are monitored to ensure a smooth recovery. Pain reducing medication may be given to alleviate discomfort, and patients will receive instructions on caring for the surgical site to minimize infection risks. Recovery time varies based on the size of the fistula and the extent of the surgery, but most patients resume to normal activities within a few weeks. However, complete healing may take several weeks or months.
Complications & Risks of Anal Fistula Surgery
Although surgery is often necessary for treating anal fistulas, there are potential risks and complications associated with the procedure. These may include:
- Bleeding: Some bleeding may occur during or after surgery, requiring further medical attention.
- Infection: Infections are possible with any surgical procedure, which is why antibiotics are often prescribed as a preventive measure.
- Pain: Pain is common after surgery but can be managed with medication.
- Faecal incontinence: In rare cases, surgery may lead to loss of bowel control.
- Fistula recurrence: Despite surgery, there’s a possibility of the fistula recurring, necessitating additional treatment.
- Damage to sphincter muscles: Depending on the location of the fistula and surgical technique, there’s a risk of damage to muscles controlling bowel movements.
At Zymus Hospital, our skilled healthcare professionals utilize advanced techniques and technology to perform safe and effective surgeries for anal fistulas. While surgery involves risks, our team works closely with patients to minimize them and provide personalized care, ensuring informed decision-making and improved quality of life.
