Varicose veins are twisted, enlarged veins that commonly appear on the legs due to increased pressure on the veins. While often seen as a cosmetic concern, they can indicate underlying venous disease and lead to complications if untreated. Here’s a detailed look at varicose veins, their risk factors, symptoms, and when to seek medical attention.
What Are Varicose Veins?
Varicose veins occur when the valves in the veins fail to function correctly, causing blood to pool and the veins to become swollen and visible. They often appear blue or purple and can bulge under the skin.
Risk Factors for Varicose Veins
Several factors can increase your risk:
1. Age: Vein valves weaken with age, making varicose veins more likely.
2. Gender: Women are more prone to varicose veins due to hormonal changes during pregnancy, menstruation, or menopause.
3. Family History: A genetic predisposition to weak vein walls increases risk.
4. Obesity: Excess weight puts additional pressure on the veins.
5. Sedentary Lifestyle: Prolonged sitting or standing hinders proper blood flow.
6. Pregnancy: Increased blood volume and pressure on the lower body during pregnancy can contribute to varicose veins.
Warning Signs and Symptoms
While varicose veins are often visible, other symptoms may include:
• Aching or Throbbing Pain: Especially after prolonged standing or sitting.
• Swelling in the Legs: Particularly around the ankles and calves.
• Itching Around Veins: Often accompanied by dry or discolored skin.
• Leg Heaviness or Fatigue: A sensation of tiredness or heaviness in the legs.
• Skin Changes: Hardening, discoloration, or ulceration near the affected veins may occur in severe cases.
Complications of Untreated Varicose Veins
Ignoring varicose veins can lead to:
• Venous Ulcers: Open sores that are slow to heal.
• Blood Clots: Increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
• Bleeding: Superficial veins may rupture and bleed.
When to Seek Medical Help
Consult a doctor if you experience:
• Persistent pain or swelling.
• Skin ulcers or changes in skin texture around varicose veins.
• Sudden leg pain or discoloration, which could indicate a blood clot.
Treatment Options
Modern treatments for varicose veins are minimally invasive and highly effective:
1. Lifestyle Changes: Regular exercise, weight management, and avoiding prolonged standing or sitting can help manage symptoms.
2. Compression Stockings: Improve blood flow and reduce swelling.
3. Medical Procedures:
o Sclerotherapy: Injection of a solution that closes small veins.
o Laser Therapy: Non-invasive treatment using focused light to collapse veins.
o Endovenous Ablation: Heat or radiofrequency seals larger veins.
o Surgical Options: In severe cases, varicose veins may be removed through surgery.
